Author contributions: C.P.S., N.M.F., and S.L.O.

Medical Research Council the National Institute of General Medical Sciences Models of Infectious Disease Agent Study initiative and the European Union Seventh Framework Programme European Management Platform for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Entities consortium. Supported by the Wellcome Trust the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) the Foundation for the NIH, as part of the Grand Challenges in Global Health Initiative of BMGF the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia the U.K. These findings develop a framework for selecting Wolbachia strains for field releases and for calculating their likely impact. aegypti is also predicted to have a substantial effect on transmission that would be sufficient to eliminate dengue in low or moderate transmission settings but may be insufficient to achieve complete control in settings where R 0 is high.

aegypti at a high frequency in a dengue-endemic setting would result in the complete abatement of DENV transmission. Our results suggest that establishment of wMelPop-infected A. Model predictions suggested that wMel would reduce the basic reproduction number, R 0, of DENV transmission by 66 to 75%. A mathematical model of DENV transmission incorporating the dynamics of viral infection in humans and mosquitoes was fitted to the data collected. wMel conferred less resistance to infection of mosquito abdomen tissue, but it did reduce the prevalence of mosquitoes with infectious saliva. We found that wMelPop conferred strong resistance to DENV infection of mosquito abdomen tissue and largely prevented disseminated infection. aegypti carrying the Wolbachia strains wMel and wMelPop after challenge with viremic blood from dengue patients. To mimic field conditions, we experimentally assessed the vector competence of A. Aedes aegypti mosquitoes stably infected with strains of the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia are resistant to dengue virus (DENV) infection and are being tested in field trials. Dengue is the most common arboviral infection of humans and is a public health burden in more than 100 countries.

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